Sungjun Yun , Jihoon Ahn , Heesu Leec

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.1 Vol.9(No.3) 1-12, 2025

This article aims to examine how pre-service elementary teachers perceive their teaching competency for FMS. This qualitative study involved seven pre-service elementary teachers at a national university of education located in a metropolitan area. They were asked to engage in individual in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview questions. Data were analyzed using the inductive category analysis approach. For data analysis, a constant comparative method was used through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. To improve the validity of the derived research results, the strategies suggested by Merriam (1998) such as peer review and member checks were employed. The results of the study were classified into two primary themes such as ‘how important is FMS in elementary physical education’ and ‘pre-service elementary teachers’ competency in teaching FMS.’ The first primary theme consists of the two sub-themes: 'FMS emphasized in the revised physical education curriculum' and 'FMS perceived merely as beneficial for developing motor skills.' The second primary theme was drawn with two sub-themes: 'fragmented and limited awareness' and 'insufficient teaching competency in implementing lessons for FMS.' In conclusion, this article suggests directions for pre-service elementary teacher education for the successful teaching and learning of FMS.

Pre-Service Elementary Teacher, Perceptions, Fundamental Movement Skills, Teaching Competency

Hyesu Jang , Young Lae Choi

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.13 Vol.9(No.3) 13-30, 2025

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the process of professional identity formation among physical education teachers majoring in dance using narrative inquiry. To this end, five current physical education teachers were selected as research participants using purposive sampling, and field texts collected through in-depth interviews were reconstructed as research texts. The findings revealed that their professional identity formation process emerged under three main themes. First, motivations for career choice included physical limitations or injuries experienced during dance activities, the positive influence of role models, and the discovery of athletic ability and the acquisition of confidence. Second, during the entry and adaptation to teaching, they focused on self-directed learning, participating in professional development, and building close networks with fellow teachers to overcome the lack of expertise during preparation for appointment and the early years of teaching. Third, in the identity establishment phase, they gained confidence as teachers and strengthened their professional identity formation by establishing a firm educational philosophy and implementing creative lessons that integrated dance expertise. In conclusion, physical education teachers majoring in dance established a firm professional identity by integrating their proactive individual efforts with the strengths of their major in an educational context, while navigating various challenges in the field. By empirically elucidating these successful adaptation mechanisms, this study provides practical implications for the development of future teacher training and professional development programs.

Professional Identity Formation, Narrative Inquiry, Dance, Physical Education, Teacher

Hyun-jung Park

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.31 Vol.9(No.3) 31-41, 2025

This study aimed to examine the educational effectiveness of a humanities-centered liberal arts dance course in fostering university students’ core competencies and to explore the broader meaning of these learning experiences. Participants were 75 students enrolled at University A in Seoul, who completed a 15-week humanities-integrated liberal arts dance curriculum. Pre- and post-tests were administered to assess changes in core competencies and learning satisfaction. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and effect-size calculations (Cohen’s d) through SPSS 30.0. Results indicated significant improvements across all sub-factors of both core competencies and learning satisfaction. Effect sizes exceeded 0.80, demonstrating large and educationally meaningful gains. Among the core competencies, the greatest improvements were found in problem-solving and interpersonal skills, while the largest increase in learning satisfaction appeared in perceived learning outcomes. These findings suggest that integrating humanities-based reflection into liberal arts dance education can exert a substantial positive influence on university students’ holistic competency development. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence supporting the pedagogical value of humanities-centered liberal arts dance education. The results offer practical implications for the design of liberal arts curricula and instructional strategies, contributing to the development of future-oriented, competency-based liberal arts education.

Liberal Arts Dance Education, Humanities-Based Learning, Core Competencies, Learning Satisfaction, University Students

Zhixun Zhang , Yue Gu , Yanyan Wuc

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.42 Vol.9(No.3) 42-70, 2025

This study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a university-level course employed Yao ethnic dance within a collaborative learning framework, investigating its effects on students’ teamwork, communication, creativity, problem-solving, and culture understanding. A 16-week curriculum was developed, integrating classroom instruction, field-based research with local dance inheritors, and team-based choreography. Students progressed from foundational movement practice to fieldwork, culture documentation, and collaborative choreography, culminating in performance preparation and presentation. A qualitative case study approach was adopted, with data collected through observation logs, reflective journals, and interviews, emphasizing students embodied learning experiences and interactions. Findings revealed that collaborative learning facilitated the transition from individual skill acquisition to coordinated, communicative group performance. Students demonstrated enhanced negotiation, decision-making, project management, adaptive resilience, and creative problem-solving abilities, while successfully balancing innovation with cultural authenticity. Furthermore, the process fostered empathetic collaboration, social-emotional competence, and team cohesion. These results suggest that culturally grounded, cooperative dance education can simultaneously develop technical, creative, and interpersonal competencies, providing valuable pedagogical insights for dance and arts education.

Ethnic Dance, Collaborative Learning, Yao Ethnic Dance, Higher Dance Education

Gi Tae Seong , Daehwan Kim

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.71 Vol.9(No.3) 71-94, 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the marketing mix 7P of golf practice ranges on consumers’ experiential values and re-registration intention, and to examine generational differences between the MZ generation and the older generation in the effects of experiential values on re-registration intention. For this purpose, data were collected through quota sampling from 800 adults aged 20 and older who had used a golf practice range within the past six months. The data were analyzed using M-plus 8, with confirmatory factor analysis conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the measurements, and structural equation modeling used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that product, price, place, and physical evidence had a positive effect on functional value, while people and physical evidence positively influenced hedonic value. In addition, both functional and hedonic values had a positive effect on re-registration intention. Generational difference tests were conducted, but the hypothesized differences were not statistically supported. The effects of functional and hedonic values on re-registration intention were analyzed for both the MZ generation and the older generation; however, these generational differences were not statistically supported. These results confirm that the marketing mix 7P differentially contributes to the formation of experiential value and suggest differing patterns across generations, although the hypothesized generational differences were not supported. Based on these results, detailed theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Golf Practice Range, Marketing Mix 7P, Experiential Value, Re-Registration Intention, MZ Generation, Older Generation

Jinkook Kim , Soohyun Kim

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.95 Vol.9(No.3) 95-109, 2025

This study aims to define the concept of “sports-cation” and to develop strategies for revitalizing the sports-cation industry in South Korea. Employing a multi-method research design that includes literature review, international case studies, and expert interviews, the study examines the potential and challenges of the emerging sports-cation sector. The literature review clarifies key concepts and theoretical underpinnings, while the case studies highlight successful international models. Interviews with nine experts in sports tourism and regional development provide practical insights. Five core strategies emerged: (1) the necessity of governmental and municipal policy support, including sports tourism zones and tax incentives; (2) modernization of infrastructure and adoption of smart technologies; (3) differentiated marketing strategies to build a recognizable brand; (4) community collaboration for regional economic linkage; and (5) implementation of sustainable, ESG-compliant models. This study contributes to foundational policy discussions and practical planning for the development of South Korea’s sports-cation industry.

Sports-Cation, Sports Tourism, Economic Impact, Revitalization, Success Factors

Weon-il Lee

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.110 Vol.9(No.3) 110-118, 2025

This study examines how reality sports entertainment on South Korean television shapes female subjectivity through a textual analysis of Kick a Goal, and investigates how women’s sports are reconfigured in contemporary South Korean media through the intertwined lenses of performativity and narrative agency. Using SBS’s reality-based football program Kick a Goal (seasons 1-5) as a case, we conduct a qualitative discourse analysis of publicly available episodes and official clips. The analysis identifies four interrelated shifts: (1) the movement from emotion-centered framing to the explicit use of tactical and strategic language; (2) the relocation of narrative centrality whereby female participants initiate and authorise key decisions; (3) the consolidation of a learning/socialisation trajectory that positions sport as a site of public education; and (4) the emergence of intersectional performances reflecting diverse ages, experiences, and roles. These findings extend scholarship on gendered sports media by showing that women are not merely visible but agentive producers of sporting knowledge and strategy. We argue that Kick a Goal exemplifies a paradigm in which performativity and narrative agency jointly restructure the meanings of women’s sport in media, with implications for production practices, gender policy, and public engagement.

Women’s Sports, Performativity, Narrative Agency, Media Discourse, Intersectionality

Chulmin Choi , Yongkook Lee

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.119 Vol.9(No.3) 119-132, 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week functional complex training program on strength, power, and agility in college basketball players. Twelve male college basketball players were randomly assigned to either a control group A or a group B (functional complex training). The experimental group performed functional complex training three times per week for eight weeks, while the control group maintained regular training. Measurements were taken pre- and post-test for strength (one-repetition maximum [1RM] bench press and squat), power (standing broad jump), and agility (t-test), and analyzed using two-way ANOVA and t-tests in SPSS 26.0. Significant improvements were observed only in the experimental group for bench press and squat 1RM, standing broad jump, and T-test performance (p<.05), whereas the control group showed no significant changes. These findings suggest that functional complex training not only enhances muscular strength but also improves explosive power and agility, which are essential for basketball performance. Therefore, functional complex training can be considered an effective method to enhance the physical fitness and performance of college basketball players.

Basketball, Functional Complex Training, Strength, Power, Agility

Jung Taek Shina

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.133 Vol.9(No.3) 133-151, 2025

This study examined the effectiveness of a solution-focused counseling program on sports performance strategies and perceived performance in a youth elite golfer experiencing driver yips. A single-case design was employed with a youth golfer who had experienced prolonged driver yips-related performance decline. A structured, multi-session counseling program based on De Shazer and Berg's solution-focused brief therapy model and adapted for golf yips characteristics was implemented. The program consisted of five stages: establishing collaborative relationships, goal setting, exploring solutions, building solutions, and maintenance and reinforcement. The Test of Performance Strategies and Perceived Performance Questionnaire were administered to measure changes from baseline to post-intervention, with qualitative data collected through session interviews and analyzed through expert consensus for integrated analysis. Consistent improvements were observed across all subfactors of sports performance strategies, with continuous enhancement confirmed in all domains of perceived performance. Qualitative analysis revealed the participant's transition from negative to positive self-talk, a paradigmatic shift from problem-focused to solution-focused thinking, confidence recovery through strengths recognition and utilization, and enhanced pressure management through personalized pre-shot routine development. Evidence of performance recovery was observed in competitive settings, although occasional driver-related anxiety partially persisted. The solution-focused counseling program was associated with improvements in psychological skills and perceived performance in a youth golfer experiencing driver yips, providing preliminary support for its utility as a practical intervention. Given the limitations of single-case design, future research should employ multiple-baseline or controlled group designs and include longitudinal follow-up investigations.

Driver Yips, Solution-Focused Counseling, Sports Performance Strategies, Perceived Performance, Single-Case Design

Youngjae Kim , Oi Sun Shin , Jeonghyung Cho

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.152 Vol.9(No.3) 152-166, 2025

This study aimed to analyze the influence of employees’ playfulness on work-life balance and to identify differential effects according to work characteristics and income levels. A survey was conducted with 448 employees aged 21 to 65 across South Korea, using validated instruments to measure playfulness and work-life balance. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 through exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that playfulness significantly influenced work-life balance overall. Among its sub-dimensions, initiative and belief in fun had positive effects, whereas spontaneity had a negative effect. Additionally, playfulness was significantly higher among those with higher income levels, those who engaged in play activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and those who played with club members. In terms of work type, regular workers and self-employed individuals showed partially significant effects of playfulness on work-life balance, while temporary workers and remote workers showed minimal impact. Notably, belief in fun was the most influential positive factor among self-employed participants. These findings suggest that playfulness is a key factor contributing to psychological recovery and life satisfaction among employees. The study highlights the need for organizations to adopt play-based welfare and creative culture programs. Furthermore, it provides practical implications for promoting a healthier work-life balance through enhanced playfulness and calls for future research that reflects variations in occupational and national play cultures.

Playfulness, Work-Life Balance, Employees, Initiative, Belief in Fun, Spontaneity, Work Characteristics, Income Level

Jung Hyun Park , Young Lae Choi

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.167 Vol.9(No.3) 167-186, 2025

This study aimed to interpret the meaning of fitness-related Instagram activities as a form of serious leisure and explore the leisure specialization process of its users. Using a narrative research approach, a qualitative method, the study conducted in-depth interviews and social media analysis with four participants to draw the following conclusions. First, fitness and Instagram were found to be important activities in the participants' lives. With the development of media and smartphones, SNS has become a crucial medium that plays a variety of roles in daily life. Second, the primary motivations for participants' Instagram activity were found to be 'recording' and 'showing off.' Third, the meaning of their activity can be interpreted in three ways: identity expression, self-promotion, and communication. The activity is seen as an act of expressing their identity as a "person who does fitness," promoting their work to inspire others, and engaging in modern communication. Fourth, their Instagram activity goes beyond casual leisure, showing a voluntary sense of responsibility and existing on the boundary between work and leisure. Therefore, for the participants, this can be interpreted as a form of serious leisure or a "job-like leisure." Finally, it was found that their activity extends beyond leisure specialization into a continuation of their work, which is similar to the recent phenomenon of 'hobby-preneur' and can be seen as a new social trend in modern career choices.

Serious Leisure, SNS, Instagram, Fitness, Hobby-Preneur

Daehee Kim , Mi-ok Kim

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.187 Vol.9(No.3) 187-202, 2025

Regulatory reform is essential for the sustainable popularization of golf, requiring simplified approval procedures, flexible facility standards, and a more rational alignment of taxation policies. This study examines the regulatory and fiscal framework governing golf facilities in Korea, with particular attention to how the Sports Facility Act and related tax systems influence market dynamics and accessibility. Despite rapid industry growth―evidenced by the increase in golf courses from 224 in 2005 to 524 in 2024 and the expansion of public-type courses from 34% to 71%―persistent supply-demand imbalances and pricing volatility remain. Using an integrated legal-institutional methodology, this study analyzes statutory provisions, administrative approval processes, and classification-based tax structures, drawing on longitudinal data from 2000 to 2024 and international comparative cases. The findings indicate that regulatory complexity, including compliance with more than 54 statutes and 251 procedural requirements, results in average development delays of three to four years, thereby constraining supply responsiveness. In addition, the tripartite classification system introduced in 2022 has generated significant tax differentials that may distort market incentives without fully achieving accessibility objectives. The study concludes that regulatory reform should prioritize streamlined approval processes, regionally sensitive and performance-based tax incentives, and flexible regulatory instruments. Such reforms are necessary to balance industry sustainability with public accessibility and to enhance the international competitiveness of Korea’s golf sector.

Sports Facility Law, Golf Regulation, Market Balance, Regulatory Reform, Golf Popularization

Jaeeun Kim

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.203 Vol.9(No.3) 203-212, 2025

This study aims to examine the ethical awareness of golfers engaged in golf betting and to highlight ethical values in sports to promote correct understanding and healthy practice among the public. Qualitative research methodology was employed using primarily in-depth interviews and descriptive questionnaires to investigate the motives and ethical awareness associated with golf betting. A close examination yielded the following findings. The motives for participation in golf betting were revealed to be “creating appropriate tension,” “heightening concentration” and “fostering a sense of competition.” The respondents said that they engaged in the activity to enjoy playing with each other, improve their skills, and gain a sense of achievement. The ethical awareness of golf betting was categorized as having both a “light” and a “shadow” side. Regarding the “light” side, some said that betting was acceptable when the amount was small. Conversely, on the “shadow” side, it was noted that as the betting amount increased, players were tempted to resort to deceptive practices to win, which in turn undermined the true spirit of sportsmanship.

Golf Betting, Participation in Golf Betting, Ethical Awareness, Case Study

Woo Young Chung , Jea-woog Lee , Hyehyun Hong

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.213 Vol.9(No.3) 213-224, 2025

This study aims to examine the levels of health consciousness (i.e., awareness, responsibility, and motivation), exercise intentions, and exercise behaviors among college students across three key phases of the pandemic: before, during, and after the outbreak. In addition, the study explores gender differences in these transitions to provide a more nuanced understanding of behavioral responses to a public health crisis. A total of 526 college students participated in a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted in three periods: 2018-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023. The results revealed significant differences not only across these time points but also between male and female participants, underscoring how major health events such as the COVID-19 pandemic can affect individuals’ health perceptions and behaviors. Based on these findings, several implications are discussed to inform strategies aimed at supporting the physical and mental well-being of young adults in the post-pandemic era.

COVID-19, Health Consciousness, Physical Activity, Exercise Intention, Gender Difference

Tae-hyung Lee , Dong-uk Jun , Su-youn Cho , Hye-joo Lee , Hee-tae Roh

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.225 Vol.9(No.3) 225-237, 2025

Smartwatches are widely used to monitor heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) in daily life and exercise settings. However, their measurement accuracy compared to criterion devices such as electrocardiography (ECG) and gas analyzers has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to validate HR and EE measurements from four commercial smartwatches (Apple, Galaxy, Fitbit, Garmin) against ECG and a gas analyzer. Fifty healthy adult men participated, and HR was simultaneously measured using ECG and the four smartwatches during rest, low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise, as well as recovery after high-intensity exercise. EE during exercise was compared using a gas analyzer as the reference. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. HR significantly increased with exercise intensity (p < 0.001), but no differences were observed between devices. Correlations between ECG and Apple, Galaxy, and Garmin were generally very high (r = 0.92-0.97), whereas Fitbit showed lower correlations, particularly at high intensity. ICC analysis demonstrated excellent reliability for HR (ICC = 0.94). In contrast, EE showed significant differences across devices (p < 0.001), with weak correlations relative to the gas analyzer (r = 0.17-0.37; ICC = 0.25). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated wide limits of agreement (LoA ±85-120 kcal), indicating considerable individual-level variability. These findings suggest that while smartwatch-derived HR values may be used reliably across exercise intensities up to moderate levels, smartwatch-based EE estimates are not interchangeable with criterion measurements at the individual level and should be interpreted with caution.

Heart Rate, Energy Expenditure, Aerobic Exercise, Wearable Devices, Smartwatch

Eunhye Yoo

DOI:10.26584/RDPA.2025.9.3.238 Vol.9(No.3) 238-249, 2025

This integrative review investigates the therapeutic effectiveness of Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) in the context of contemporary mental health care, particularly in addressing complex psychosocial challenges such as emotional dysregulation, trauma, identity disturbance, and social disconnection. Drawing on a systematically selected body of 42 peer-reviewed studies―comprising 27 international and 15 domestic articles―this study analyzes literature published over the past decade across major academic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the review synthesizes quantitative outcomes and qualitative insights to illuminate the multidimensional mechanisms through which DMT exerts its therapeutic influence. Findings consistently highlight DMT’s capacity to foster emotional regulation, enhance self-awareness, facilitate social reintegration, and support neurophysiological balance. Beyond confirming DMT’s clinical utility, this review underscores its potential as a structured, person-centered psychotherapeutic modality grounded in embodied, non-verbal experience. Furthermore, by identifying theoretical gaps and contrasting research trends across cultural contexts, the study contributes to advancing DMT as a holistic paradigm and offers practical, clinical, and policy-level implications for its broader implementation in global mental health systems.

Dance Movement Therapy, DMT, Mental Health, Arts-Based Psychotherapy, Emotional Regulation, Trauma Healing, Literature Review