Marcos A. Cepin , Seung Ho Chang

DOI:10.26584/RDPE.2021.08.5.2.1 Vol.5(No.2) 1-9, 2021

Older siblings have a great deal of influence on their younger siblings. In many cases, they assist their brothers and sisters in all aspects of motor development. The outcomes of younger siblings’ motor skill development, when interacting with older siblings in locomotor and object control activities, are key to promoting movement patterns. In addition, research found that older siblings have positive effects on their younger siblings, helping them reach proficiency in motor skills. However, other studies have shown that the influence of older siblings is not always beneficial. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to review the effects of older siblings on motor skills including fundamental motor skills (FMS) of their younger siblings and to highlight the positive and negative aspects of older siblings’ influence on infants and young children. The findings of this paper suggest that age, imitation, and siblings of the same gender are positive aspects of siblings’ motor skill development. In addition, negative effects of siblings, such as fighting and arguing, were found. This paper can provide a better understanding of how to approach different methods of raising infants and young children to maximize the development of their motor skills including FMS.

fundamental motor skills, motor development, motor skills, siblings, infancy, early childhood

Inae Oh , Tae Hoon Lee , Jisuk Chang , Choong Hoon Lim

DOI:10.26584/RDPE.2021.08.5.2.11 Vol.5(No.2) 11-30, 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how emotional arousal and pleasure experienced during Olympic competitions affect the consumption values, attitudes, and purchase intentions toward sponsoring brands. To fulfill this purpose, an experimental study was conducted with 30 participants and the research design consisted of 2 (Pleasure: Win/Loss) x 2 (Arousal: High/Low) between subjects. Data analyses included Reliability Tests, Independent Samples t-test, and two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 25.0 statistical packages. The findings suggest the pleasure induced by the Olympics is an important factor in its rising positive effect on the consumption values (economic, social and product quality value), attitudes and purchase intentions toward Olympic sponsors. Although it was hypothesized that arousal due to the Olympics positively affects consumption values, attitudes and purchase intentions toward sponsoring brands, analysis results revealed only one significant effect on emotional consumption value. These findings show that arousal and pleasure, which increase in the Olympic competition, play an independent role in evaluating the consumption value of sponsors. Further, factors evaluating the value of Olympic sponsors cannot be assessed only through winning or losing.

emotion, pleasure, arousal, consumption value, sponsorship, Olympic sponsorship

Jung-taek Shin , Byung-in Yoo

DOI:10.26584/RDPE.2021.08.5.2.31 Vol.5(No.2) 31-43, 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of psychological skill training on emotion, self-esteem, flow, and perceived performance of a collegiate baseball player. The subject of this single-case experimental study was a collegiate baseball athlete who returned to the field after rehabilitation due to injuries during exercise. For the study, four measures (positive/negative emotion scale, self-esteem inventory, exercise flow scale, and perceived performance inventory) were developed and utilized to verify the effectiveness of the psychological skill training program based on previous studies, expert opinion, and interview data of research participants. The psychological skill training program in this study consisted of following four: (1) relaxation training, (2) image training, (3) self-esteem training, and (4) routine training. The training was conducted in eight sessions (about 60 minutes per session) after the baseline phase. The results of this study were as follows. First, it was confirmed that the psychological skill training program improved the positive emotions and reduced the negative emotions of the player. Second, the participant in the study felt that his self-esteem has enhanced through this training program. Third, the training program contributed to fostering the athlete’s exercise flow. Lastly, the participant recognized the improvement of performance through this training program.

psychological skill training, emotion, self-esteem, exercise flow, perceived performance

Jinhee Kim

DOI:10.26584/RDPE.2021.08.5.2.45 Vol.5(No.2) 45-61, 2021

Self-learning conducted by coaches not only contributes to their self-development but significantly affects those who they coach. Present research was conducted as a case study in order to explore by what means learning is taking place amongst Korean coaches. Eighty-six coaches working with athletes attending elementary school, middle school, high school and university, as well as lifestyle sports directors, and coaches working at a professional level were asked open-ended questions regarding independent learning. The contents of the coaching as well as the independent learning were analysed using the content analysing. It was found that the main role as a coach was thought to be in fulfilling various responsibilities as a coach, and the most utilised source of learning was informal, first-hand experience. A variety of media resources were also found to be widely used as a source for coach improvement. Present study provides an aid in understanding the current situation of independent learning being conducted by coaches, and is likely to be of use as the basic data for shaping the content and method of learning required in coach education within Korea.

coach, formal learning, informal learning, non-formal learning, learning experience

Eunjoo Cha

DOI:10.26584/RDPE.2021.08.5.2.63 Vol.5(No.2) 63-72, 2021

This study aims to comprehend social phenomenon of senior dance. For this study, the BIGkinds News Big Data Analysis Service of the Korea Press Foundation was used. Nearly 30,000,000 news articles, written by 54 press companies, including daily newspapers, local daily newspapers and broadcasting companies from January 2000 to December 2019 were collected. To filter unnecessary contents(words) from the collected data, a search algorithm extracting noun equivalents through morphological analysis was employed. After that, the Structured Support Vector Machine(SVM) was applied to noun equivalents extracted afterwards for analysis. The study results are as follows. First, there were a total of 29,146 news big data regarding senior dance. Among them, the region topic occupied the largest number of news articles at 17,808(43.6%), and it was followed by the culture topic at 13,693(33.5%). In relation to the press types, local daily newspapers wrote the largest number of news articles at 21,521(73.8%). Second, starting 2008, there was a rapid increase in senior dance-related keywords, but as of 2012, they decreased. Third, when analyzing the correlation among the named entities(people, places, institutions and keywords) extracted from 100 news articles with the highest accuracy of senior dance keywords, places were most frequently found in 18 news articles, and programs and attendees had the highest correlation with senior dance-related keywords. In conclusion, these results imply that although there has been a big change depending on social interests, a considerable amount of senior dance-related data have been produced in Korean society. This study has significance by analyzing a macroscopic social phenomenon of senior dance using news data. Researching social perceptions of the elderly, activities and behaviors based on these results will help in finding ways of increasing seniors’ participation in dance and understanding their needs.

senior dance, newspaper and broadcasting data, social phenomenon

Jae-eun Kim , Mi-ra Roh , Pil-kyu Yoon

DOI:10.26584/RDPE.2021.08.5.2.73 Vol.5(No.2) 73-86, 2021

By applying a case study approach, the present study conducted an in-depth inquiry and analysis to understand the meanings of exercise for the elderly in a situation of limited participation in exercise and discontinued exchanges amid the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the ways that they maintained their health in the pandemic situation. For the participants in old age, exercise meant "Life Energy," "I Realize My Life in Old Age for Myself," and "Self-Management." Being unable to continue their exercise at the center amid the pandemic, the elderly lived a limited daily life with nothing to do and had such emotions and sentiments as "fear and discontinuance" and "lethargy and depression." Refusing to remain lethargic in the situation of fear and anxiety, however, they searched for ways to break through the situation. They began to walk a dog, take a walk, and find ways to exercise by themselves based on YouTube. In addition, they resumed their discontinued social exchanges by doing outdoor activities with their friends and tried to find ways to live a new life again in old age amid the pandemic situation. Living in the pandemic situation combined with rapid aging, the elderly changed their old ways of living. Before the pandemic, they were establishing their old age identity by participating in exercise, having social exchanges, and keeping their health.

pandemic, elderly, exercise, daily life